Wednesday 18 August 2010

the best of intentions?

one of the things we come up against time and again in Shinran's teachings is this issue of the purity of our intentions. though we might like to believe our motivation behind a given action to be sound, dig a little deeper and we quickly come to realise how mired in self-servitude we are - for example, how often do we resent not receiving praise or thanks for an act of generosity? can we in all honesty say then, that the motivation was selfless? or was it purely to validate our sense of self-worth in the eyes of others?

thinking through this issue of intent a bit more thoroughly than i've perhaps done in the past, leads me to wonder whether i've not been just paying lip-service to the notion of what compassion must really mean in the Mahayana path. of course it sounds wonderful, who wouldn't like the thought of leading all sentient beings to liberation? but in practice....hell, if i can't even disentangle my selfishness from one single attempted act of dana then what hope is there? because each action can only mean something truly worthwhile if the intention behind it is for the liberation of all beings, that's why in Words of My Perfect Teacher we're told -

"Even when you do something good, check your motivation carefully. If your intention is good, act. If your motivation is to impress people, or is based on rivalry or a thirst for fame, make sure you change it and infuse it with bodhicitta. If you are quite unable to transform your motivation, it would be better to postpone the meritous act until later."
- pp.126-127

Such is the problem Shinran acknowledged in himself -

I am such that I do not know right and wrong
And cannot distinguish false and true;
I lack even small love and small compassion,
And yet, for fame and profit, enjoy teaching others.

Shozomatsu wasan 116

i see this somewhat as the starting point - confronting our selfish nature and awakening to how deeply entrenched it is within ourselves. this in turn can lead us, just as it did Shinran, to abandon our reliance on self-effort, and throw ourselves into whole-hearted refuge in the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha, as they alone are the pure well-spring from which truely selfless, compassionate action flows forth.

but still, i feel that leaves a hanging question hovering over the individual as far as Shinshu is concerned. in other traditions there are clear pointers towards arousing and maintaining this compassion, through meditative and visualisation techniques. as such, when faced with the suffering of others, the practitioner, if he has followed the instructions of his teacher well, will quite naturally respond with this selfless compassion. in Shinshu though, all that is left is to entrust to the Buddha. there are no such clear signs or markers for generating compassion. because it is something received entirely through Other.

as such, i can't really offer any nice and tidy resolution to this posting because it is still something i wrestle with. i have my suspicions though. in both cases the individual is drawing upon something other than the small self - the Buddhadharma. perhaps the form or manner differs, resting in Dharma through practice on the one hand and on the other resting in Dharma through entrusting. but each constitutes a fundamental turning away from our previous habitual reliance on self. maybe then, the more we rest in this Other, the mind to liberate all beings becomes something quite naturally outflowing. as natural as the love a mother has for her child, devoid of calculation or thought of personal gain. such naturalness lies outside of any effort and just "is".

i guess the next question i'd ask myself is what does this actually mean in practice? how does such naturalness engage with the suffering faced by so many throughout the world? that's something i have to continue to reflect on, drawing from the Three Jewels for guidance. as such i'll leave this blathering there for the time being, but as ever welcome any thoughts, input, comments, experience, w/e...

namu amida butsu

12 comments:

  1. Hi Jon, As you know I've been mulling this koan with you and I just recalled that in 'Opening the Hand of Thought' Kosho Uchiyama says:

    "Pure religion … is the attitude of discovering the life within the self that is connected to all things. It means aiming at manifesting the life of each and every encounter, and seeing all of these encounters as our own life. This life attitude is referred to in Buddhism as compassion.”

    Maybe the path of compassion lies within the realm of 'inner togetherness'. So rather than worrying about 'how' to be compassionate or skillful, from the perspective of self facing other, if we can learn to encounter others within the world of the Vow then compassion will be expressed naturally without any self-consciousness ... like a mother to a child?

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  2. Regarding 'the suffering faced by so many throughout the world?' i guess what i put above would mean changing our way of living - in the interdepedent context - to reduce that suffering. As for more direct engagement - such as volunteering etc - maybe this is a little like the matter of shukuzen in relation to faith? maybe we have to discover what aspects of the world's suffering are most closely tied to our own situation and failings/gifts. Like Sung-bae Park talks about in his book I mentioned on 'Echoes' ... we have to find the expression (momjit) that flows from our own encounter with the ultimate (mom). We can't mimic Kannon Bodhisattva .. we've got to find our own way to approach the world's suffering ... and maybe that will be more like a sparrow than an eagle ... or whatever ... but it will be part of the overall world of suffering / saving ...

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  3. "So rather than worrying about 'how' to be compassionate or skillful ... then compassion will be expressed naturally without any self-consciousness ... like a mother to a child? "

    This hits the nail on the head. Compassion is a spontaneously arising reaction, common to us all (shamefully many non-Buddhists have more compassion than many Buddhists I know).

    It has different levels: wishing something in pain to be free - most people would feel this for family, friends, pets, etc...

    Then, from a Mahayana perspective we have a development on this, in that we recognise that all suffering stems from grasping at appearances as being real. We wish beings to cut through this ignorance and achieve the ultimate result (ie. Buddhahood). In this way Bodhicitta is different from ordinary compassion in that the view is linked with emptiness.

    I think that, in order for true Bodhicitta to arise, there has to be some sort of meditative experience of shunyata so that one's natural reaction to suffering is a non-conceptual heart-jerk-wish for all beings to achieve a complete cessation of the causes of suffering (ie. ignorance) and achieve Tathagatahood (the ultimate state of no more suffering, free from ignorance).

    We can train in this in many ways. The book you quote has many. But it has to start with a desire to help beings and this is a resolution that is up to an individual. I'm sure none of us would be here writing about this sort of stuff if the wish wasn't there already, however deep it might lie or we might forget about it from time to time.

    Then... practice, dedication, aspirations, random acts of kindness ... we slowly crawl along the path. And just like when one first learns to drive a car one is filled with theory and forever worrying about whether we're doing ok or following the highway code correctly, after a few months/years of going through the ropes one suddenly finds one'sself driving without thinking about it. It's become a habit. Natural. Non conceptual. Effortless. Just like the great masters, whose example of this is the most precious teaching we can receive and brings tears to the eyes.

    As far as intention is concerned, if one has entered the car one can be a good driver or a bad driver - this is down to an individual's proclivities, but the fact one's driving (or trying to!) at all is good. Maybe taking the time to stop and pick up a few passengers, even though one doesn't want to at the time, is the sort of training we all need on a constant basis. I suppose it's also a kind of remembering. In that way our intentions are naturally purified by overcoming our wants and considering the situations of others - be it by charity work, practice, offering advice, etc. etc. This is how understand Kyoshin's "learn(ing) to encounter others within the world of the Vow".

    Anyway, sorry for long ramble. Probably missed the point completely ... am battling against time, internet connection and power supply so please bear with me.

    Ciao ciao :-)

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  4. hi Kunga T, please don't worry about rambling on a blog called "blathering nonsense"!

    i think you and Kyoshin are right - it's silly and misleading for me to go looking for a set pattern or agenda through which this naturalness takes places, as in doing so this would contradict its being spontaneous. perhaps this very tendency to go looking is in itself calculating mind, contrary to entrusting.

    Kyoshin - as regards "seeing all of these encounters as our own life", yes, i think this is precisely pointing towards that compassion born out of the experience of sunyata which Kunga T highlights. the quotation reminds me very much of Shantideva's teaching on "exchanging self with others".

    something else you mention too - "we can't mimic Kannon Bodhisattva" - this touches upon a point i've got a mind to discuss in a later post...the danger that we could taint the pure aspiration to liberate all beings through falling into a kind of "superman complex" ie. "i will be the saviour of the world!!". for another time though.

    thankyou both for your comments, they're a great help and encouragement to me :)

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  5. This is a very important and thought provoking subject, in my experiences of following shin buddhism, compassion for others is experienced rarely, when it is experienced it is very natural and spontaneous as opposed to forced or contrived, or based on methods to generate compassion as in other schools of buddhism. I guess being honest with ourselves, and recognising our self centred nature i am mostly preoccupied with my own concerns. Moreover my experience of shin is that in being this way, deeply deluded, and reliant on the dharma, compassion is something we receive, and then if we transmit it, we could be acutely aware of the poisons that accompany it, self centredness and so forth.
    I firmly think however that the most poweful form of compassion is the message of liberation, in my old tradition the theravada they say - the gift of dharma excels all other gifts - and i remember a great analogy by a theravadan english monk
    -that in trying to fix samsara is like rearranging the deck chairs on the titanic as it is sinking!- So i guess the most poweful form of compassion is the medicine of the dharma, that as far my experience teaches me is freely given by other power, in the midst of our deluded consciousness, as far as acts compassion for myself this can be spontaneous or natural, but often in circumstances that afford compassion as the best medicine, maybe i just end up confronting my own limitations, more in need than able to give freely. Gassho Ant _/\_

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  6. hi Ant, thanks for the comments :)

    "compassion is something we receive, and then if we transmit it, we could be acutely aware of the poisons that accompany it, self centredness and so forth."

    that's the thing though, i think when true compassion arises it's coming from a source beyond any notion of self as it's not *our* compassion we're 'transmiting' but the Tathagatas - so it has to be free of any taints, otherwise it's not really the compassion that Buddhism is speaking of. conversely though, we can't will this compassion into being as that just amounts to the calculating mind and self-centredness which you mention.

    all that is really left for the nembutsu-sha to do is to move forward in mindfulness and gratefulness for the Vow and entrust such compassion to arise naturally, leaving behind any concerns of manufacturing it through self effort (something i must admit i struggle with :/).

    Gassho
    J

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  7. Many deep comments here. My teacher used to say, "Only ego wants to get rid of ego." Maybe one could also say, "Only ego WANTS to be compassionate"? That is, ego needs something to do to define itself, lest it fall into nonexistence: "I am [fill in the blank]; therefore, I exist."

    But if ego doesn't exist in the first place, then what?

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  8. I've been thinking about what I wrote. I think I didn't explain what I meant very well. I'll try again.

    Some people want a big house, expensive car, or classy spouse. We spiritual people call those people 'materialistic.' By contrast, we want to be pure, compassionate, selfless, etc. But when I look, I notice that, whatever the CONTENT of the desire, it is the same movement of the mind. Isn't the assumption, "If only I could be, or have, X, then I would be whole, complete"? It doesn't matter what the X is. The irony is that we are already whole, complete, just as we are, but that we fail to notice when we get caught up in trying to be something more.

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  9. hi Chris, thanks for the thought-provoking comments! as regards the latter one, whilst i agree, how then can we let go (of the desire to be more) without falling into stagnation?

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  10. Hmm -- maybe that is where faith comes in.

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  11. Again, I've thought more about what you wrote and feel my response was incomplete. (Maybe in the future I should wait awhile before responding!)

    "Stagnation." How clever your mind is to come up with a word with images of a stinking morass into which you might fall, never to reappear! My experience is that it keeps doing this. Even when you catch it coming up with ideas for you to grab onto, so that you will keeping striving, it sneaks another idea in the back door. Anyway, this is the way it happened to me. Even after I thought I'd really seen clearly how this happens, my mind would still try it again once in awhile. I think it finally stopped when I saw that even wanting it to stop is a manifestation of the same mind-set: "If I could only get my mind to stop deceiving me, I'd be enlightened!"

    I think the mind doesn't know how else to do it. In everyday life, it works well enough to strategize how to attain things and work for them. And, indeed, if we don't do that, we do stagnate. The problem is that spiritual realization doesn't work that way. In fact, it works the opposite, so that only when we stop trying to attain (which implies that we are lacking something), if only for an instant, does the fact that we already are everything come into view. But the trick, of course, is that one can't TRY to do it differently. One of my teachers once said, at just the right moment, "Ego also wants that place of rest." This still brings tears to my eyes when I think of it. I think it somehow dissolved the duality between where I thought I wanted to go and the "ego" that I saw as holding me back. After all, ego is really trying to help us in the only way it knows how, so fighting against it doesn't help. But there is something in us that knows the deeper truth, and seeing how the mind works to keep us seeking maybe allows us to let go of that mind-set a bit.

    Does this make sense?

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  12. yup, indeed it does.

    "I think it finally stopped when I saw that even wanting it to stop is a manifestation of the same mind-set: "If I could only get my mind to stop deceiving me, I'd be enlightened!"

    sounds very much like the 'tariki conundrum' - "self-power is out, so perhaps if i do nothing..." - falling into the trap of inactivity as calculated jiriki.

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